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NEW QUESTION # 77
Which of the following is the BEST way to validate that privacy practices align to the published enterprise privacy management program?
- A. Report performance metrics.
- B. Conduct an audit.
- C. Perform a control self-assessment (CSA).
- D. Conduct a benchmarking analysis.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 78
An organization has an initiative to implement database encryption to strengthen privacy controls. Which of the following is the MOST useful information for prioritizing database selection?
- A. Penetration test results
- B. Asset classification scheme
- C. Historical security incidents
- D. Database administration audit logs
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The most useful information for prioritizing database selection for encryption is the asset classification scheme. An asset classification scheme is a system of organizing and categorizing assets based on their value, sensitivity, criticality, or risk level. An asset classification scheme helps to determine the appropriate level of protection or handling for each asset. For example, an asset classification scheme may assign labels such as public, internal, confidential, or secret to different types of data based on their impact if compromised.
Databases that contain higher-classified data should be prioritized for encryption to prevent unauthorized access, disclosure, or modification.
Database administration audit logs, historical security incidents, or penetration test results are also useful information for database security, but they are not the most useful for prioritizing database selection for encryption. Database administration audit logs are records of activities performed by database administrators or other privileged users on the database system. Database administration audit logs help to monitor and verify the actions and changes made by authorized users and detect any anomalies or violations. Historical security incidents are records of events that have compromised or threatened the security of the database system in the past. Historical security incidents help to identify and analyze the root causes, impacts, and lessons learned from previous breaches or attacks. Penetration test results are reports of simulated attacks performed by ethical hackers or security experts on the database system to evaluate its vulnerabilities and defenses. Penetration test results help to discover and exploit any weaknesses or gaps in the database security posture and recommend remediation actions.
References: Data Classification Policy - SANS Institute, Database Security Best Practices - Oracle, [Database Security: An Essential Guide | IBM]
NEW QUESTION # 79
Which of the following BEST ensures data confidentiality across databases?
- A. Logical data model
- B. Data catalog vocabulary
- C. Data normalization
- D. Data anonymization
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 80
It is MOST important to consider privacy by design principles during which phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC)?
- A. Testing
- B. Implementation
- C. Application design
- D. Requirements definition
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Requirements definition is a phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC) that involves gathering, analyzing and documenting the functional and non-functional requirements of the software system or application, such as features, performance, security and usability. It is most important to consider privacy by design principles during this phase, as it would help to ensure that privacy is embedded and integrated into the software system or application from the outset, rather than as an afterthought or an add-on. Considering privacy by design principles during requirements definition would also help to avoid costly rework or delays later in the SDLC, as well as to enhance customer trust and satisfaction, and comply with privacy laws and regulations. The other options are not as important as requirements definition in considering privacy by design principles. Application design is a phase of the SDLC that involves creating and specifying the architecture, components, interfaces and data models of the software system or application, based on the requirements defined in the previous phase. Implementation is a phase of the SDLC that involves coding, testing and debugging the software system or application, based on the design specifications created in the previous phase. Testing is a phase of the SDLC that involves verifying and validating that the software system or application meets the requirements and expectations of the users and stakeholders, as well as identifying and fixing any defects or errors1, p. 88-89 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 81
Who is ULTIMATELY accountable for the protection of personal data collected by an organization?
- A. Data processor
- B. Data owner
- C. Data protection officer
- D. Data custodian
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The data owner is the person or entity who has the ultimate authority and responsibility for the protection of personal data collected by an organization. The data owner defines the purpose, scope, classification, and retention of the personal data, as well as the rights and obligations of the data subjects and other parties involved in the data processing. The data owner also ensures that the personal data is handled in compliance with the applicable privacy laws and regulations, as well as the organization's privacy policies and standards.
The data owner may delegate some of the operational tasks to the data processor, data custodian, or data protection officer, but the accountability remains with the data owner.
References: CDPSE Review Manual, 2021, p. 81
NEW QUESTION # 82
Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason that a single cryptographic key should be used for only one purpose, such as encryption or authentication?
- A. It is more practical and efficient to use a single cryptographic key.
- B. Each process can only be supported by its own unique key management process.
- C. It eliminates cryptographic key collision.
- D. It minimizes the risk if the cryptographic key is compromised.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 83
Which of the following is the PRIMARY benefit of implementing policies and procedures for system hardening?
- A. It reduces external threats to data.
- B. It reduces exposure of data.
- C. It increases system resiliency.
- D. It eliminates attack motivation for data.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 84
Which of the following should be the FIRST consideration when conducting a privacy impact assessment (PIA)?
- A. The systems in which privacy-related data is stored
- B. The organizational security risk profile
- C. The quantity of information within the scope of the assessment
- D. The applicable privacy legislation
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The first consideration when conducting a privacy impact assessment (PIA) is the applicable privacy legislation that governs the collection, processing, storage, transfer, and disposal of personal data within the scope of the assessment. The applicable privacy legislation may vary depending on the jurisdiction, sector, or purpose of the data processing activity. The PIA should identify and comply with the relevant legal requirements and obligations for data protection and privacy, such as obtaining consent, providing notice, ensuring data quality and security, respecting data subject rights, and reporting data breaches. The applicable privacy legislation also determines the criteria, methodology, and documentation for conducting the PIA.
References:
* ISACA, Performing an Information Security and Privacy Risk Assessment1
* ISACA, Best Practices for Privacy Audits2
* ISACA, GDPR Data Protection Impact Assessments3
* ISACA, GDPR Data Protection Impact Assessment Template4
NEW QUESTION # 85
What is the PRIMARY means by which an organization communicates customer rights as it relates to the use of their personal information?
- A. Mailing rights documentation to customers
- B. Gaining consent when information is collected
- C. Publishing a privacy notice
- D. Distributing a privacy rights policy
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 86
Which of the following is MOST important to include in a data use policy?
- A. The reason for collecting and using personal data
- B. The method used to delete or destroy personal data
- C. The length of time personal data will be retained
- D. The requirements for collecting and using personal data
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
A data use policy is a document that defines the rules and guidelines for how personal data are collected, used, stored, shared and deleted by an organization. It is an important part of data governance and compliance, as it helps to ensure that personal data are handled in a lawful, fair and transparent manner, respecting the rights and preferences of data subjects. A data use policy should include the requirements for collecting and using personal data, such as the legal basis, the purpose, the scope, the consent, the data minimization, the accuracy, the security and the accountability. These requirements help to establish the legitimacy and necessity of data processing activities, and to prevent unauthorized or excessive use of personal data.
References:
ISACA Privacy Notice & Usage Disclosures, section 2.1: "We collect Personal Information from you when you provide it to us directly or through a third party who has assured us that they have obtained your consent." Chapter Privacy Policy - Singapore Chapter - ISACA, section 2: "We will collect your personal data in accordance with the PDPA either directly from you or your authorized representatives, and/or through our third party service providers." Data Minimization-A Practical Approach - ISACA, section 2: "Enterprises may only collect as much data as are necessary for the purposes defined at the time of collection, which may also be set out in a privacy notice (sometimes referred to as a privacy statement, a fair processing statement or a privacy policy)." Establishing Enterprise Roles for Data Protection - ISACA, section 3: "Data governance is typically implemented in organizations through policies, guidelines, tools and access controls."
NEW QUESTION # 87
Critical data elements should be mapped to which of the following?
- A. Data process flow
- B. Business analytics
- C. Privacy policy
- D. Business taxonomy
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Critical data elements are the data elements that are essential for the organization to achieve its business objectives, comply with legal and regulatory requirements, and protect the privacy and security of the data subjects. Critical data elements should be mapped to the data process flow, which is a graphical representation of how data is collected, processed, stored, shared, and disposed of within the organization. Mapping critical data elements to the data process flow helps to identify the sources, destinations, transformations, and dependencies of the data, as well as the potential risks and controls associated with each step of the data lifecycle.
References: CDPSE Review Manual, 2021, p. 83
NEW QUESTION # 88
What is the PRIMARY means by which an organization communicates customer rights as it relates to the use of their personal information?
- A. Mailing rights documentation to customers
- B. Publishing a privacy notice
- C. Distributing a privacy rights policy
- D. Gaining consent when information is collected
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The primary means by which an organization communicates customer rights as it relates to the use of their personal information is publishing a privacy notice. A privacy notice is a document that informs the customers about how the organization collects, uses, shares, and protects their personal information, and what rights and choices they have regarding their data4. A privacy notice is a legal requirement under many data protection laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), or the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)5 . A privacy notice is also a good practice to demonstrate the organization's commitment to transparency, accountability, and customer trust. References:
* ISACA Glossary of Terms
* Article 13 and 14 of the GDPR
* [Section 1798.100 of the CCPA]
* [Schedule 1, Principle 4.8 of the PIPEDA]
* [ISACA CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 1, Section 1.3.2]
NEW QUESTION # 89
Which of the following should be considered personal information?
- A. Company address
- B. Biometric records
- C. Age
- D. University affiliation
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Biometric records are personal information that can be used to identify an individual based on their physical or behavioral characteristics, such as fingerprints, facial recognition, iris scans, voice patterns, etc. Biometric records are considered sensitive personal information that require special protection and consent from the data subject. Biometric records can be used for various purposes, such as authentication, identification, security, etc., but they also pose privacy risks, such as unauthorized access, use, disclosure, or transfer of biometric data. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 25
NEW QUESTION # 90
Which of the following should be done FIRST when performing a data quality assessment?
- A. Establish business thresholds-
- B. Identify the data owner.
- C. Assess completeness of the data inventory.
- D. Define data quality rules.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The first step when performing a data quality assessment is to assess the completeness of the data inventory, which is a comprehensive list of all data assets within the organization. This will help identify the scope, sources, owners, and characteristics of the data to be assessed. The other options are possible actions that may be taken after the data inventory is complete, depending on the objectives and criteria of the assessment.
References:
* CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain 3 - Data Lifecycle (Data Quality), Task 1: Perform a data quality assessment1.
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 3 - Data Lifecycle, Section 3.2 - Data Quality2.
NEW QUESTION # 91
An organization wants to ensure that endpoints are protected in line with the privacy policy. Which of the following should be the FIRST consideration?
- A. Implementing network traffic filtering on endpoint devices
- B. Hardening the operating systems of endpoint devices
- C. Managing remote access and control
- D. Detecting malicious access through endpoints
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 92
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